Development of a smartphone application for providing disinfectant information on livestock industry / 대한수의학회지

It is important to select the correct disinfectants and to use them appropriately in order to prevent the initial spread of highly infectious livestock disease, such as foot-and-mouth disease or highly pathogenic avian influenza. This study describes a smartphone application developed to enable livestock workers to observe information related to disinfectants for the prevention of livestock disease in the domestic market, regardless of time and location, through a Linux-based Android mobile platform. This application (Konkuk-Disinfectant Information Database) provides information on disinfectant names, components, license and use; it was designed to enable the user to share disinfectant information through social media.

Needleless intradermal vaccination for foot-and-mouth disease induced granuloma-free effective protection in pigs

Vaccination is one of the most effective ways of controlling and preventing foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks. The effective prevention of this disease requires the use of high-quality vaccines to meet the criteria that enable customers to use them simply. The administration of FMD vaccines containing oil-based adjuvants in pigs can induce the formation of granuloma in the muscle of the vaccinated, which makes these vaccines a less preferable option. Therefore, it is important to establish an FMD vaccine and vaccine delivery tool that offers better immunity and safer application. This study compared the immune responses of intramuscular and needleless intradermal vaccination in pigs. When the same amount of an FMD virus (FMDV) antigen was administered to pigs, both the intradermally and intramuscularly vaccinated groups were protected completely against a challenge of the homologous FMDV, but the intramuscularly vaccinated group showed an overall higher level of neutralizing antibodies. Importantly, the formation of granuloma in muscle could be excluded in the intradermally vaccinated group. Of the oil-based adjuvants selected in this study, ISA 207 was effective in eliciting immunogenicity in intradermal vaccination. In conclusion, a new vaccine formula can be chosen for the delivery of intradermal route to exclude the possibility of local reactions in the muscle and generate protective immunity against an FMDV challenge.

Acute effects of diets rich in almonds and walnuts on endothelial function

Objective Omega-3 fatty acids, especially alpha-linolenic acid (ALA), which are present in nuts may reduce cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk, by changing vascular inflammation and improving endothelial dysfunction. The objective of the study was to evaluate the acute effects of two different diets, one containing walnuts and the other almonds on endothelial function. Methods Twenty-seven overweight volunteers underwent a randomized 2-period, crossover, controlled intervention study. The subjects were given either walnut or almond diets which varied in monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) content. The walnut diet provided 23.1% energy from PUFA and the almond diet provided 7.6% energy from PUFA. Endothelial function was assessed physiologically by flow-mediated dilation (FMD) and biochemically by sVCAM (soluble vascular cell adhesion molecules). Results The walnut diet significantly improved FMD (p = 0.004) and decreased sVCAM (p = 0.009) whereas the almond diet tended to improve FMD (p = 0.06) and significantly decreased sVCAM (p = 0.004). Conclusion Both walnut and almond diets improved FMD and sVCAM and there was no significant difference in physiological and biochemical markers between the two diets.

Raising of Hyper-immune Serum Against FMD Virus Type “O” Prevailing in Punjab, Pakistan

Introduction: Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is supposed to be an imperative disease of domestic and wild ruminants which is a vast reason of high mortality in young animals and production losses in adults. The supreme prevailing stains of FMD in Asia are “O”, “A “and “Asia-I”, which are supposed to be a big threat to economy and commonly not properly diagnosed. For appropriate diagnoses, hyper-immune serum is required. Methods: A study was conducted to produce hyper-immune serum in rabbits which were divided into three groups including Group-I, Group-II and a control group. Results: First two groups were weekly inoculated with FMD virus Serotype “O” for six weeks and confirmation of the infection was done with the help of compliment fixation test (CFT), while antibody titer was measured by using ager gel precipitation test (AGPT). Group-II consisting of female rabbits showed earlier and higher titer (Log27) than group-I (Male rabbits) having lower titer (Log25). Conclusion: The study recommended the use of females rabbits to raise hyper-immune serum to attain higher titer.

Evaluation of biochemical and clinical markers of endothelial dysfunction and their correlation with urinary albumin excretion in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus

ABSTRACT Objective Endothelial dysfunction (ED) plays an important role in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. The purpose of the study was to determine flow mediated endothelial dependent vasodilatation (FMD) measurements and serum soluble (s) endothelin-1 (ET-1), intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and vascular cell adhesion molecule (VCAM-1) levels in patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) with or without increased urinary albumin excretion (UAE) and compare them with the healthy controls. Subjects and methods Seventy three patients with T1DM were enrolled. Patients were divided into two subgroups according to microalbumin measurements in 24-hr urine collections. The diabetic patients without microalbuminuria (41 patients) were defined as Group I and those with microalbuminuria (32 patients) were defined as group II. A hundred age and sex matched healthy subjects participated as the control group (Group III). Serum sET-1, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 levels and FMD measurements were determined in all participants. Results Median FMD measurement was significantly lower in the diabetic groups compared with the control group (6.6, 6.4 and 7.8% in Group I, II and III, respectively) (p < 0.05). FMD was negatively correlated with age (p = 0.042). Median serum sICAM-1 level was higher in the patient groups compared to the control group (p < 0.05). Median serum sVCAM-1 level was higher in the group of patients with increased albuminuria compared to the normoalbuinuric and the control group (p < 0.05). Serum sVCAM-1 level was found to be positively correlated with degree of urinary albumin excretion (p < 0.001). Conclusion We assume that sVCAM-1 may be used as a predictive marker for risk stratification for nephropathy development and progression.

Anti-foot-and-mouth disease virus effects of Chinese herbal kombucha in vivo

Abstract The foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) is sensitive to acids and can be inactivated by exposure to low pH conditions. Spraying animals at risk of infection with suspensions of acid-forming microorganisms has been identified as a potential strategy for preventing FMD. Kombucha is one of the most strongly acid-forming symbiotic probiotics and could thus be an effective agent with which to implement this strategy. Moreover, certain Chinese herbal extracts are known to have broad-spectrum antiviral effects. Chinese herbal kombucha can be prepared by fermenting Chinese herbal extracts with a kombucha culture. Previous studies demonstrated that Chinese herbal kombucha prepared in this way efficiently inhibits FMDV replication in vitro. To assess the inhibitory effects of Chinese herbal kombucha against FMDV in vitro, swine challenged by intramuscular injection with 1000 SID50 of swine FMDV serotype O strain O/China/99 after treatment with Chinese herbal kombucha were partially protected against infection, as demonstrated by a lack of clinical symptoms and qRT-PCR analysis. In a large scale field trial, spraying cattle in an FMD outbreak zone with kombucha protected against infection. Chinese herbal kombucha may be a useful probiotic agent for managing FMD outbreaks.

Development of a peptide based latex agglutination assay for serotype identification of foot and mouth disease virus.

Out of 200 serum samples collected from cattle (142) and buffaloes (58) of various ages and sexand subjected to latex agglutination test (LAT) using serotype specific peptides (O, A, Asia 1) and also with peptide for non-structural protein 2B (NSP-2B), 114 (70%) samples were positive against FMDV type ‘O’, 102 (51%) against serotype ‘A’ and 104 (52%) against serotype ‘Asia 1’. With NSP-2B peptide a total of 71 (35.5%) samples were positive. The results suggest that LAT could be used for the diagnosis of foot and mouth disease virus as it is easy, cheap and effective test.

Correlation of Coronary Angiographic Severity with Carotid intima Media Thickness and Flow mediated dilatation of brachial Artery in Patients with Ischemic Heart Disease.

Background: Ischemic Heart Disease which encompasses Acute Coronary Syndrome and Chronic Stable Angina is the most common cause of worldwide mortality and morbidity. Carotid intima media thickness (CIMT) is a non-invasive ultrasonographic technique to image the carotid arteries which measures the thickness of the intima and media of these vessels. It is a marker of atherosclerotic process. Flow mediated dilatation (FMD) is a marker of endothelial function of arteries. Ischemic heart disease can be predicted long before its actual occurrence by observing these two phenomenons. Methods: This cross sectional study done in the Department of Cardiology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital during the period of Oct 2010- Sept 2011.We enrolled 102 patients admitted with IHD by purposive sampling. We assessed FMD of brachial artery, CIMT by vascular duplex. Coronary artery disease severity was assessed by vessel score, stenosis score and extent score from angiography. Results:The mean (±SD) age of the patients was 50.9(±11.3) years. The male- female ratio was 5:1. CIMT has significant negative correlation with FMD (r=-.407, p=<.001). Flow mediated dilatation of brachial artery has weak but significant negative co-relation with vessel score(r=-.609, p=<.001), stenosis score(r=- .493, p=<.001) and extent score (r=-.477, p=<.001). However, carotid intima media thickness has weak but positive correlation with vessel score (r=.447, p=<.001), stenosis score (r=.417, p=<.001) and extent score(r=.412, p=<.001). Conclusion: The present study concludes CIMT has significant negative correlation with flow mediated dilatation of brachial artery. FMD has weak but significant negative co-relation and CIMT has weak but positive correlation with vessel score, stenosis score and extent score of coronary arteries.

Spatial Trend of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus (FMDV) Serotypes in Cattle and Buffaloes, Pakistan / 中国病毒学·英文版

The present study describes the frequency of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) virus serotypes (O,A and Asia-1) in major regions (all provinces) of Pakistan using Indirect Sandwich ELISA.Also,spatial distribution of various FMD serotypes and their comparison is discussed.A total of 590 samples (Epithelial tissue) have been analyzed during a period of five years (2005-2009).Out of 590 samples,180 were found positive,giving an overall confirmation of FMDV about 33.2 ％.Of the prevalent serotypes,FMDV ‘O’ serotype caused most outbreaks (20.7 ％),followed by serotype A (6.6 ％) and serotype Asia-1 (4.6 ％) while there was no positive case oftype ‘C’.The study clearly showed that the disease was more frequent in the agro-climatic zones than in hilly areas.Based on the data of 590 samples (＞50 outbreaks),the overall prevalence of FMDV in cattle and buffaloes in Pakistan was 33.2 ％,while in cattle alone,it was 37.1％,higher than in buffalo (28.7 ％).There were eight cases of mixed serotypes infection,indicating the presence of endemic state of disease.Another significant feature was the change over time.In phase-I (2005-2007),there was an overall prevalence of 29.4 ％,while the occurrence of the serotype O,A and Asia-1 was 20.4 ％,2.9 ％ and 4.7 ％,respectively.During phase-II (2008-2009),the overall prevalence was 59.21％,while those of serotype O,A and Asia-1 were 22.4 ％,31.6 ％ and 4.0 ％,respectively.This clearly indicated a shift from serotype O to A,which may help to explain the occurrence of more severe outbreaks,despite vaccination.

Adenovirus Expressing Human Interferon Inhibits Replication of Foot and Mouth Disease Virus and Reduces Fatal Rate in Mice

Interferon is an important cytokine that plays a critical role in the initial host defense against viral infection. Recombinant human adenoviruses expressing human interferon-alpha (Ad-HIFNalpha) or pig interferon-beta fused with interleukin-18 (Ad-PIFNbeta-IL18) were constructed and used to induce an early protective response against foot and mouth disease (FMD). To analyze the antiviral effect, bovine thyroid and porcine kidney IBRS-2 cells and ICR mice were treated with Ad-HIFNalpha, Ad-PIFNbeta-IL18, and cocktail of Ad-HIFNalpha and Ad-PIFNbeta-IL18. The survival rate of suckling mice was monitored after foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) challenge following intra-peritoneal (IP) administration of appropriate adenovirus. Indirect antigen ELISA was performed to evaluate inhibition of FMDV replication following challenge with the FMDV O, A, or Asia 1 serotypes in vitro. These recombinant adenoviruses reduced the replication of FMDV in susceptible cells, thereby decreasing the fatality in mice, suggesting that they can be a useful control method for the early protection against FMD infection in livestock after field trial.

Virus de Fiebre Aftosa: una aproximación al estado del arte / Vírus da Febre Aftosa: uma aproximação ao estado da arte / Foot and Mouth Disease virus: an Approach to the state of the art

La fiebre aftosa es una enfermedad viral causada por uno de los miembros prototipo de la familiaPicornaviridae, y aunque dicha enfermedad ha sido descrita hace más de 5 siglos, sigue siendo una de lasprincipales barreras económicas y sanitarias tanto para importación como para exportación de ganadobovino y porcino y sus derivados. Dado que el 75% del hato bovino nacional se encuentra libre de laenfermedad con vacunación, es necesario que nos actualicemos en el estado del arte de la enfermedadpara poder así estar preparados para el anhelado momento en el que el país sea declarado libre sinvacunación y apartir del cual, un completo conocimiento de la enfermedad, sus factores de riesgo, sucorrecto reconocimiento y diagnóstico, van a ser clave para mantener este importante estatus zoosanitarioque beneficia tanto a la comunidad ganadera como al país.

Foot-and-Mouth disease (FMD) is a viral disease caused by a prototype member of the Picornaviridaefamily. Although the disease has been described for more than 5 centuries, it remains one of the majorhealth and economic barriers for cattle and swine import and export. Since 75% of the national cattle herdis FMD free, it is necessary to provide an updated literature review of the disease. Updated informationof FMD will assist in the decision making of the need and use of vaccines, especially at the time when thecountry is declared free of FMD.

A febre aftosa é uma doença viral causada por dos membros protótipo da família Picornaviridae.Embora que esta doença tem sido descrita a mais cinco séculos, tem sido a principal barreira econômicae sanitária pra a importação e exportação de gado bovino e suíno e seus derivados. Dado que o 75% dorebanho bovino nacional encontra-se livre da doença com vacinação, é necessária a atualização do estadoda arte da doença para poder assim estar preparados para o esperado momento em que o país seja declaradolivre de vacinação. Momento pelo qual, um completo conhecimento da doença, seus fatores de risco, seucorreto reconhecimento e diagnóstico, serão chaves para manter este importante status zoosanitario quebeneficia tanto aos criadores com ao país.

Amplification and Characterization of Bull Semen Infected Naturally with Foot-and-mouth Disease Virus Type Asial by RT-PCR / 中国病毒学·英文版

To investigate the security of semen biologically, 15 bull semen samples were collected (of which 5 exhibited clinical signs of Foot-and-mouth disease) and identified by RT-PCR and virus isolation. The results indicated that the semen of the infected bulls were contaminated by Foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), but FMDV was not detected in semen samples from those bulls not showing clinical signs of Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD). This is the first report of the presence of FMDV in bull semen due to natural infection in China. The analysis of the partial sequence of the VP1 gene showed that the virus strain isolated from semen has 97.9% identity with the virus isolated from vesicular liquid of infected bulls showing typical signs of FMD and belonged to the same gene sub-group.

Coexistence of the Renal Fibromuscular Dysplasia and Familial Adenomatous Polyposis / 대한신장학회지

Fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD) is a nonatherosclerotic, noninflammatory vascular disease that most commonly affects the renal and internal carotid arteries. A Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is characterized by hundreds of adenomatous colorectal polyps, with an almost inevitable progression to colorectal cancer. A 19-year-old woman with history of total colectomy as a result of familial adenomatous polyposis presented with high blood pressure incidentally. Abdominal CT scan showed "string of beads" appearance of right renal artery. Percutaneous transluminal renal angioplasty was performed and then hypertension was improved. To our knowledge, there has been no previous case report of secondary renovascular hypertension resulting from fibromuscular dysplasia in patients with FAP. Here, we report a patient with a review of the literature.

Effect of Danhong Injection on Endothelial Function in Patients with Coronary Heart Disease / 中国药房

OBJECTIVE:To observe the efffect of Danhong injection on the endothelial function in patients with stable coronary heart disease(CHD).METHODS:In this randomized control study,82 CHD cases were randomly assigned to receive Danhong injection or Sterile Danshen injection powder by iv gtt.The endothelial function and the inflammation-related indexes in two groups were compared after 2-week treatment.RESULTS:As compared with before treatment,in Danhong group,the levels of NO and flow-mediated dilatation(FMD) were significantly up-regulated while the levels of vWF and CRP(C-reaction protein) were significantly down-regulated after treatment;however,no significant difference was noted in Sterile Danshen injection powder group in endothelial function and the inflammation-related indexes.There were significant differences between the two groups(P

Identification and antigenic site analysis of foot-and-mouth disease virus from pigs and cattle in Korea

From May to June 2002, a total of 16 foot-and mouth disease (FMD) outbreaks due to the serotype O virus, Pan Asia strain, were recorded in Korea. The viruses were identified by antigen ELISA, RT-PCR and sequence analysis. The overall nucleotide sequence divergence of the VP1 region among the 4 isolates in 2002 was 0 to 1.4%, but between O/SKR/2002 and O/SKR/2000 isolates was 1.9-4.9%. Phylogenetic analysis with the some known strains from East Asian countries showed that the 4 Korean isolates in 2002 formed one distinct cluster, which different from clusters of Korean isolates in 2000, with in the same lineage of the ME-SA topotype strains. Deduced amino acid sequences around neutralizable antigenic site on VP1 site of O/SKR/2002 isolates were aligned and compared with other strains. At the antigenic site 1, the replacements of the critical amino acid residues at position 144 from V to L and at position 152 from A to T were observed in O/SKR/2002 viruses. For antigenic site 2 and 4, there were not significant variations in general. At the antigenic site 3, the substitutions of amino acid residues were present at positions 54 and 56 in O/SKR/2002 isolates and an alternative residue I at position 54 are observed only at the sequence of O/SKR/AS/2002 (cow) virus. And the substitution (L-->P) of significant residue at position 144 was detected at the amino acid sequence of the O/SKR/2002 (cow) virus.

A Case of a Solitary Aneurysm of the Left Common Iliac Artery Caused by Fibromuscular Dysplasia / 日本心臓血管外科学会雑誌

A 52-year-old man was referred to our institution because of a solitary aneurysm of the left common iliac artery. The presence of the aneurysm was demonstrated by CT and angiography. The aneurysm had a diameter of about 30mm. The walls of the bilateral external iliac arteries were irregular, like a string of beads. The aneurysm was resected and replaced with a vascular prosthesis. Histological examination of the aneurysm and a part of the left external iliac artery indicated a diagnosis compatible with fibromuscular dysplasia (FMD: medial fibroplasia). A solitary iliac aneurysm is rare, and is usually due to atherosclerosis. However, the aneurysm in this case was related to FMD. To the best of our knowledge, only one other case of a solitary common iliac aneurysm caused by FMD has so far been described.